At the moment, only up to MAX_TITLE_LENGTH characters of the process title are overwritten, but the rest of the former process title remains.
$ cat test.php
<?php
setproctitle('01234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789');
sleep(20);
$ php test.php This is the original process name, and the first part is overwritten, but the part at the end here will still remain in the process title
[...]
$ ps aux | grep 01234
user 21183 0.2 1.5 240464 15376 pts/3 T 00:41 0:00 0123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456 n in the process title
At the moment, only up to MAX_TITLE_LENGTH characters of the process title are overwritten, but the rest of the former process title remains.