diff --git a/src/client/AccountModal.ts b/src/client/AccountModal.ts
index 8f5b05dda3..2bfae22b34 100644
--- a/src/client/AccountModal.ts
+++ b/src/client/AccountModal.ts
@@ -25,6 +25,8 @@ import { translateText } from "./Utils";
 
 @customElement("account-modal")
 export class AccountModal extends BaseModal {
+  protected routerName = "account";
+
   @state() private email: string = "";
   @state() private isLoadingUser: boolean = false;
 
diff --git a/src/client/ClanModal.ts b/src/client/ClanModal.ts
index 66f7361a00..975367c2b7 100644
--- a/src/client/ClanModal.ts
+++ b/src/client/ClanModal.ts
@@ -29,6 +29,8 @@ type View =
 
 @customElement("clan-modal")
 export class ClanModal extends BaseModal {
+  protected routerName = "clan";
+
   @state() private view: View = "list";
   @state() private loading = false;
 
diff --git a/src/client/Cosmetics.ts b/src/client/Cosmetics.ts
index 42aff508be..5cc5f040dc 100644
--- a/src/client/Cosmetics.ts
+++ b/src/client/Cosmetics.ts
@@ -89,6 +89,10 @@ export async function purchaseCosmetic(
       : (userMe.player.currency?.soft ?? 0);
   if (balance < price) {
     alert(translateText("store.not_enough_currency"));
+    if (method === "hard") {
+      // Send the user to the packs tab so they can top up plutonium.
+      window.location.hash = "#modal=store&tab=packs";
+    }
     return;
   }
 
diff --git a/src/client/FlagInputModal.ts b/src/client/FlagInputModal.ts
index 8c7210cc69..6400f13c16 100644
--- a/src/client/FlagInputModal.ts
+++ b/src/client/FlagInputModal.ts
@@ -29,6 +29,8 @@ function countryFlag(name: string, code: string): Flag {
 
 @customElement("flag-input-modal")
 export class FlagInputModal extends BaseModal {
+  protected routerName = "flag-input";
+
   @state() private search = "";
   @state() private cosmetics: Cosmetics | null = null;
   @state() private userMe: UserMeResponse | false = false;
diff --git a/src/client/HelpModal.ts b/src/client/HelpModal.ts
index f6af03dbe7..acba57635f 100644
--- a/src/client/HelpModal.ts
+++ b/src/client/HelpModal.ts
@@ -11,6 +11,8 @@ import { TroubleshootingModal } from "./TroubleshootingModal";
 
 @customElement("help-modal")
 export class HelpModal extends BaseModal {
+  protected routerName = "help";
+
   @state() private keybinds: Record<string, string> = this.getKeybinds();
   @query("#tutorial-video-iframe") private videoIframe?: HTMLIFrameElement;
 
diff --git a/src/client/LanguageModal.ts b/src/client/LanguageModal.ts
index 9e963c092b..1ed315ee12 100644
--- a/src/client/LanguageModal.ts
+++ b/src/client/LanguageModal.ts
@@ -14,6 +14,8 @@ interface LanguageOption {
 
 @customElement("language-modal")
 export class LanguageModal extends BaseModal {
+  protected routerName = "language";
+
   @property({ type: Array }) languageList: LanguageOption[] = [];
   @property({ type: String }) currentLang = "en";
 
diff --git a/src/client/LeaderboardModal.ts b/src/client/LeaderboardModal.ts
index 511400602e..a8f5a7fe3d 100644
--- a/src/client/LeaderboardModal.ts
+++ b/src/client/LeaderboardModal.ts
@@ -10,6 +10,8 @@ import { translateText } from "./Utils";
 
 @customElement("leaderboard-modal")
 export class LeaderboardModal extends BaseModal {
+  protected routerName = "leaderboard";
+
   @state()
   private clanDateRange: { start: string; end: string } | null = null;
 
diff --git a/src/client/Main.ts b/src/client/Main.ts
index 2be193451a..dc3fb83321 100644
--- a/src/client/Main.ts
+++ b/src/client/Main.ts
@@ -43,6 +43,7 @@ import { initLayout } from "./Layout";
 import "./LeaderboardModal";
 import "./Matchmaking";
 import { MatchmakingModal } from "./Matchmaking";
+import { modalRouter } from "./ModalRouter";
 import { initNavigation } from "./Navigation";
 import "./NewsModal";
 import "./PatternInput";
@@ -268,6 +269,50 @@ class Client {
 
   async initialize(): Promise<void> {
     crazyGamesSDK.maybeInit();
+
+    // Register modals with the URL router. Lobby modals (join/host) and
+    // matchmaking are intentionally omitted — they own their own URL state
+    // (path-based) or none at all.
+    modalRouter.register("store", {
+      tag: "store-modal",
+      pageId: "page-item-store",
+    });
+    modalRouter.register("settings", {
+      tag: "user-setting",
+      pageId: "page-settings",
+    });
+    modalRouter.register("leaderboard", {
+      tag: "leaderboard-modal",
+      pageId: "page-leaderboard",
+    });
+    modalRouter.register("clan", { tag: "clan-modal", pageId: "page-clan" });
+    modalRouter.register("account", {
+      tag: "account-modal",
+      pageId: "page-account",
+    });
+    modalRouter.register("help", { tag: "help-modal", pageId: "page-help" });
+    modalRouter.register("news", { tag: "news-modal", pageId: "page-news" });
+    modalRouter.register("language", {
+      tag: "language-modal",
+      pageId: "page-language",
+    });
+    modalRouter.register("single-player", {
+      tag: "single-player-modal",
+      pageId: "page-single-player",
+    });
+    modalRouter.register("ranked", {
+      tag: "ranked-modal",
+      pageId: "page-ranked",
+    });
+    modalRouter.register("troubleshooting", {
+      tag: "troubleshooting-modal",
+      pageId: "page-troubleshooting",
+    });
+    modalRouter.register("territory-patterns", {
+      tag: "territory-patterns-modal",
+    });
+    modalRouter.register("flag-input", { tag: "flag-input-modal" });
+
     // Prefetch turnstile token so it is available when
     // the user joins a lobby.
     this.turnstileTokenPromise = getTurnstileToken();
@@ -525,6 +570,13 @@ class Client {
     }
 
     const onHashUpdate = () => {
+      // Router-managed hash changes (#modal=...) are handled by the router
+      // syncing in/out; we don't need to tear down the lobby state for them.
+      if (modalRouter.isHashRouted()) {
+        modalRouter.routeFromHash();
+        return;
+      }
+
       // Reset the UI to its initial state
       this.joinModal?.close();
 
@@ -725,6 +777,9 @@ class Client {
       console.log(`joining lobby ${lobbyId}`);
       return;
     }
+    if (modalRouter.routeFromHash()) {
+      return;
+    }
     if (decodedHash.startsWith("#affiliate=")) {
       const affiliateCode = decodedHash.replace("#affiliate=", "");
       strip();
diff --git a/src/client/ModalRouter.ts b/src/client/ModalRouter.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a2224f86e4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/client/ModalRouter.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,159 @@
+/**
+ * ModalRouter — two-way sync between `#modal=<name>&tab=<key>&...` and modals.
+ *
+ * URL → modal: parse hash, find registered modal, call `modal.open(args)`.
+ * Modal → URL: when a router-managed modal opens, closes, or switches tabs,
+ * update the URL via `history.replaceState` (no history entries).
+ *
+ * Lobby modals (join/host) and matchmaking are intentionally not registered:
+ * they have their own URL state (path-based) or none at all.
+ */
+
+interface RegistryEntry {
+  /** Custom element tag, e.g. "store-modal". */
+  tag: string;
+  /**
+   * Optional page-content element id (e.g. "page-item-store"). When set, the
+   * router calls `window.showPage(pageId)` for inline modals so the page-content
+   * container becomes visible. For popup-style modals, omit.
+   */
+  pageId?: string;
+}
+
+/** Modals that the router can drive via the URL. */
+interface RoutableModal extends HTMLElement {
+  open(args?: Record<string, unknown>): void;
+  close(args?: Record<string, unknown>): void;
+}
+
+class ModalRouter {
+  private registry = new Map<string, RegistryEntry>();
+  /** Name of the modal currently reflected in the URL, if any. */
+  private currentName: string | null = null;
+  /** True while we're routing from the URL (suppress modal→URL sync). */
+  private routingFromUrl = false;
+
+  register(name: string, entry: RegistryEntry): void {
+    this.registry.set(name, entry);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Parse `window.location.hash` for `#modal=<name>&...`. If present and
+   * registered, open the modal with the remaining keys as args. Returns true
+   * if the hash was a recognized modal route (the caller can skip other
+   * hash handlers). The open itself happens asynchronously after the custom
+   * element is upgraded.
+   */
+  routeFromHash(): boolean {
+    const hash = window.location.hash;
+    if (!hash.startsWith("#")) return false;
+    const params = new URLSearchParams(hash.slice(1));
+    const name = params.get("modal");
+    if (!name) return false;
+
+    const entry = this.registry.get(name);
+    if (!entry) {
+      // Unknown modal — strip the hash silently.
+      this.replaceHash("");
+      return true;
+    }
+
+    params.delete("modal");
+    const args: Record<string, unknown> = {};
+    params.forEach((value, key) => {
+      args[key] = value;
+    });
+
+    void this.openRegistered(name, entry, args);
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  private async openRegistered(
+    name: string,
+    entry: RegistryEntry,
+    args: Record<string, unknown>,
+  ): Promise<void> {
+    // The custom element may not be upgraded yet (e.g. routed on initial load
+    // before its module has finished evaluating). Wait so el.open is defined.
+    await customElements.whenDefined(entry.tag);
+
+    this.routingFromUrl = true;
+    try {
+      this.currentName = name;
+      if (entry.pageId) {
+        // Inline modal: showPage reveals the page-content container and calls
+        // .open() on the inline modal element automatically. We then call
+        // .open(args) so the args reach onOpen.
+        window.showPage?.(entry.pageId);
+      }
+      const el = document.querySelector(entry.tag) as RoutableModal | null;
+      el?.open(args);
+    } finally {
+      this.routingFromUrl = false;
+    }
+  }
+
+  /** Called by BaseModal.open() when a router-managed modal opens. */
+  syncOpened(name: string, args?: Record<string, unknown>): void {
+    if (this.routingFromUrl) return; // we're driving the modal from the URL; don't loop
+    if (!this.registry.has(name)) return;
+    this.currentName = name;
+    this.writeHash(name, args);
+  }
+
+  /** Called by BaseModal.close() when a router-managed modal closes. */
+  syncClosed(name: string): void {
+    if (this.routingFromUrl) return;
+    if (this.currentName !== name) return; // not the active routed modal
+    this.currentName = null;
+    this.replaceHash("");
+  }
+
+  /** Called by BaseModal.setActiveTab() when a router-managed modal switches tabs. */
+  syncTab(name: string, tab: string): void {
+    if (this.routingFromUrl) return;
+    if (this.currentName !== name) return;
+    const params = this.currentHashParams();
+    params.set("modal", name);
+    if (tab) {
+      params.set("tab", tab);
+    } else {
+      params.delete("tab");
+    }
+    this.replaceHash("#" + params.toString());
+  }
+
+  /** True if the current hash is `#modal=...`. */
+  isHashRouted(): boolean {
+    const hash = window.location.hash;
+    if (!hash.startsWith("#")) return false;
+    return new URLSearchParams(hash.slice(1)).has("modal");
+  }
+
+  private currentHashParams(): URLSearchParams {
+    const hash = window.location.hash;
+    if (!hash.startsWith("#")) return new URLSearchParams();
+    return new URLSearchParams(hash.slice(1));
+  }
+
+  private writeHash(name: string, args?: Record<string, unknown>): void {
+    const params = new URLSearchParams();
+    params.set("modal", name);
+    if (args) {
+      for (const [key, value] of Object.entries(args)) {
+        if (key === "modal") continue;
+        if (value === undefined || value === null) continue;
+        if (typeof value === "object") continue;
+        params.set(key, String(value));
+      }
+    }
+    this.replaceHash("#" + params.toString());
+  }
+
+  private replaceHash(hash: string): void {
+    const url = window.location.pathname + window.location.search + hash;
+    history.replaceState(history.state, "", url);
+  }
+}
+
+export const modalRouter = new ModalRouter();
diff --git a/src/client/NewsModal.ts b/src/client/NewsModal.ts
index 1607af3627..a1e2e2c676 100644
--- a/src/client/NewsModal.ts
+++ b/src/client/NewsModal.ts
@@ -10,6 +10,8 @@ import { normalizeNewsMarkdown } from "./NewsMarkdown";
 
 @customElement("news-modal")
 export class NewsModal extends BaseModal {
+  protected routerName = "news";
+
   @property({ type: String }) markdown = "Loading...";
 
   private initialized: boolean = false;
diff --git a/src/client/SinglePlayerModal.ts b/src/client/SinglePlayerModal.ts
index 97ef29c942..10df43b812 100644
--- a/src/client/SinglePlayerModal.ts
+++ b/src/client/SinglePlayerModal.ts
@@ -63,6 +63,8 @@ const DEFAULT_OPTIONS = {
 
 @customElement("single-player-modal")
 export class SinglePlayerModal extends BaseModal {
+  protected routerName = "single-player";
+
   @state() private selectedMap: GameMapType = DEFAULT_OPTIONS.selectedMap;
   @state() private selectedDifficulty: Difficulty =
     DEFAULT_OPTIONS.selectedDifficulty;
diff --git a/src/client/Store.ts b/src/client/Store.ts
index 9480450d87..9f3babf497 100644
--- a/src/client/Store.ts
+++ b/src/client/Store.ts
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ type StoreTab = "patterns" | "flags" | "packs" | "subscriptions";
 
 @customElement("store-modal")
 export class StoreModal extends BaseModal {
+  protected routerName = "store";
   private cosmetics: Cosmetics | null = null;
   private affiliateCode: string | null = null;
   private userMeResponse: UserMeResponse | false = false;
diff --git a/src/client/TerritoryPatternsModal.ts b/src/client/TerritoryPatternsModal.ts
index 3a0e91a54a..3ace0297b2 100644
--- a/src/client/TerritoryPatternsModal.ts
+++ b/src/client/TerritoryPatternsModal.ts
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ import { translateText } from "./Utils";
 
 @customElement("territory-patterns-modal")
 export class TerritoryPatternsModal extends BaseModal {
+  protected routerName = "territory-patterns";
   public previewButton: HTMLElement | null = null;
 
   @state() private selectedPattern: PlayerPattern | null;
diff --git a/src/client/TroubleshootingModal.ts b/src/client/TroubleshootingModal.ts
index 7f433e4fbd..d52bb611b5 100644
--- a/src/client/TroubleshootingModal.ts
+++ b/src/client/TroubleshootingModal.ts
@@ -12,6 +12,8 @@ const infoIcon = assetUrl("images/InfoIcon.svg");
 
 @customElement("troubleshooting-modal")
 export class TroubleshootingModal extends BaseModal {
+  protected routerName = "troubleshooting";
+
   @property({ type: String }) markdown = "Loading...";
 
   @property({ type: Object })
diff --git a/src/client/UserSettingModal.ts b/src/client/UserSettingModal.ts
index da9bb00844..e36444ee79 100644
--- a/src/client/UserSettingModal.ts
+++ b/src/client/UserSettingModal.ts
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ import { Platform } from "./Platform";
 
 @customElement("user-setting")
 export class UserSettingModal extends BaseModal {
+  protected routerName = "settings";
   private userSettings: UserSettings = new UserSettings();
   private readonly defaultKeybinds = getDefaultKeybinds(Platform.isMac);
 
diff --git a/src/client/components/BaseModal.ts b/src/client/components/BaseModal.ts
index aba455fa4d..18a5efd558 100644
--- a/src/client/components/BaseModal.ts
+++ b/src/client/components/BaseModal.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import { html, LitElement, TemplateResult } from "lit";
 import { property, query, state } from "lit/decorators.js";
+import { modalRouter } from "../ModalRouter";
 import "./baseComponents/Modal";
 import type { OModalTab } from "./baseComponents/Modal";
 
@@ -57,6 +58,13 @@ export abstract class BaseModal extends LitElement {
     return {};
   }
 
+  /**
+   * Optional router name. When set, BaseModal syncs URL state on open/close/
+   * tab change as `#modal=<routerName>&tab=<key>&...`. Modals that own their
+   * own URL state (e.g. lobby modals) should leave this undefined.
+   */
+  protected routerName?: string;
+
   /** Render slot="header" content. Default: no header slot. */
   protected renderHeaderSlot(): TemplateResult | null {
     return null;
@@ -149,19 +157,24 @@ export abstract class BaseModal extends LitElement {
       if (tabs.length && this.activeTab === "") {
         this.activeTab = tabs[0].key;
       }
-      if (
-        typeof args?.tab === "string" &&
-        tabs.some((t) => t.key === args.tab)
-      ) {
-        this.activeTab = args.tab;
-      }
+      const requestedTab =
+        typeof args?.tab === "string" && tabs.some((t) => t.key === args.tab)
+          ? args.tab
+          : null;
 
       const wasOpen = this.isModalOpen;
       if (!wasOpen) {
+        if (requestedTab) this.activeTab = requestedTab;
         this.registerEscapeHandler();
+        this.onOpen(args);
+        if (this.activeTab) this.onTabEnter(this.activeTab);
+      } else {
+        this.onOpen(args);
+        // Already open: route tab changes through setActiveTab so URL syncs.
+        if (requestedTab && requestedTab !== this.activeTab) {
+          this.setActiveTab(requestedTab);
+        }
       }
-      this.onOpen(args);
-      if (this.activeTab) this.onTabEnter(this.activeTab);
 
       if (wasOpen) return;
 
@@ -176,6 +189,10 @@ export abstract class BaseModal extends LitElement {
       } else {
         this.modalEl?.open();
       }
+
+      if (this.routerName) {
+        modalRouter.syncOpened(this.routerName, args);
+      }
     } finally {
       this.opening = false;
     }
@@ -193,6 +210,10 @@ export abstract class BaseModal extends LitElement {
     } else {
       this.modalEl?.close();
     }
+
+    if (this.routerName) {
+      modalRouter.syncClosed(this.routerName);
+    }
   }
 
   // ---- Tab management ----
@@ -204,6 +225,9 @@ export abstract class BaseModal extends LitElement {
     if (this.activeTab === key) return;
     this.activeTab = key;
     this.onTabEnter(key);
+    if (this.routerName) {
+      modalRouter.syncTab(this.routerName, key);
+    }
   }
 
   // ---- Internals ----
diff --git a/src/client/components/RankedModal.ts b/src/client/components/RankedModal.ts
index bebf8fbd50..bfb8318906 100644
--- a/src/client/components/RankedModal.ts
+++ b/src/client/components/RankedModal.ts
@@ -9,6 +9,8 @@ import { modalHeader } from "./ui/ModalHeader";
 
 @customElement("ranked-modal")
 export class RankedModal extends BaseModal {
+  protected routerName = "ranked";
+
   @state() private elo: number | string = "...";
   @state() private userMeResponse: UserMeResponse | false = false;
   @state() private errorMessage: string | null = null;