Add SQLCipher CE implementation

[JSCU-CNI]

This PR implements transparent decryption support for SQLCipher community edition versions 1 up to 4. Fixes #17.

[Schamper]

This class is now largely unnecessary and can be replaced by either inlining it in _read_page or splitting it up in one or two functions.

[JSCU-CNI]

What do you propose? Some form of a class structure per page could still be useful for future debugging purposes. I agree that the current form of the class is overkill.

[JSCU-CNI]

I have gone ahead and in-lined the class in the _read_page method. Let me know if that suffices. (ced9972). Also added optional HMAC verification in f2c21c1.

[codecov]

Codecov Report

❌ Patch coverage is 0% with 159 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.
✅ Project coverage is 0.00%. Comparing base (c85667a) to head (8effb3f).

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
...database/sqlite3/encryption/sqlcipher/sqlcipher.py	0.00%	147 Missing ⚠️
...database/sqlite3/encryption/sqlcipher/exception.py	0.00%	4 Missing ⚠️
dissect/database/sqlite3/encryption/__init__.py	0.00%	3 Missing ⚠️
.../database/sqlite3/encryption/sqlcipher/__init__.py	0.00%	3 Missing ⚠️
dissect/database/sqlite3/sqlite3.py	0.00%	2 Missing ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

@@          Coverage Diff           @@
##            main     #28    +/-   ##
======================================
  Coverage   0.00%   0.00%            
======================================
  Files        146     150     +4     
  Lines       3893    4052   +159     
======================================
- Misses      3893    4052   +159     

Flag	Coverage Δ
unittests	0.00% <0.00%> (ø)

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[codspeed-hq]

Merging this PR will not alter performance

✅ 6 untouched benchmarks

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_{Comparing JSCU-CNI:sqlcipher (8effb3f) with main (c85667a)}