Return null from ArgumentsNormalizer::reorderArgs() when positional args after named args create holes beyond parameter count

src/Analyser/ArgumentsNormalizer.php

@@ -403,7 +403,7 @@ public static function reorderArgs(ParametersAcceptor $parametersAcceptor, array
 				continue;
 			}
 			if (!array_key_exists($j, $signatureParameters)) {
-				throw new ShouldNotHappenException('Parameter signatures cannot have holes');
+				return null;
 			}
 
 			$parameter = $signatureParameters[$j];

tests/PHPStan/Analyser/AnalyserIntegrationTest.php

@@ -1563,6 +1563,13 @@ public function testBug14550(): void
 		$this->assertNotEmpty($errors);
 	}
 
+	public function testBug14596(): void
+	{
+		// crash
+		$errors = $this->runAnalyse(__DIR__ . '/data/bug-14596.php');
+		$this->assertNotEmpty($errors);
+	}
+
 	/**
 	 * @param string[]|null $allAnalysedFiles
 	 * @return list<Error>

tests/PHPStan/Analyser/ArgumentsNormalizerTest.php

@@ -323,6 +323,33 @@ public static function dataReorderInvalid(): iterable
 				[new StringType(), 'three'],
 			],
 		];
+
+		// positional arg after named arg with variadic parameter
+		yield [
+			[
+				['value', false, false, null],
+				['values', true, true, new StringType()],
+			],
+			[
+				[new IntegerType(), null],
+				[new IntegerType(), null],
+				[new IntegerType(), null],
+				[new StringType(), 'd'],
+				[new IntegerType(), null],
+			],
+		];
+
+		// positional arg after named arg without variadic parameter
+		yield [
+			[
+				['one', false, false, null],
+			],
+			[
+				[new IntegerType(), null],
+				[new StringType(), 'd'],
+				[new IntegerType(), null],
+			],
+		];
 	}
 
 	/**

tests/PHPStan/Analyser/data/bug-14596.php

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace Bug14596;
+
+function foo(int $a, int $b, int $c, string ...$rest): void {}
+
+class Foo {
+	public function bar(int $a, int $b, int $c, string ...$rest): void {}
+	public static function baz(int $a, int $b, int $c, string ...$rest): void {}
+	public function __construct(int $a, int $b, int $c, string ...$rest) {}
+}
+
+// built-in function
+\PHPStan\dumpType(1, 2, 3, d: 'foo', 5);
+
+// user-defined function
+foo(1, 2, 3, d: 'foo', 5);
+
+// method call
+$obj = new Foo(1, 2, 3);
+$obj->bar(1, 2, 3, d: 'foo', 5);
+
+// static method call
+Foo::baz(1, 2, 3, d: 'foo', 5);
+
+// constructor
+new Foo(1, 2, 3, d: 'foo', 5);
+
+// closure
+$closure = function (int $a, int $b, int $c, string ...$rest): void {};
+$closure(1, 2, 3, d: 'foo', 5);
+
+// call_user_func
+call_user_func('Bug14596\foo', 1, 2, 3, d: 'foo', 5);

tests/PHPStan/Rules/Methods/CallMethodsRuleTest.php

@@ -4078,4 +4078,18 @@ public function testBug8048(): void
 		$this->analyse([__DIR__ . '/data/bug-8048.php'], []);
 	}
 
+	#[RequiresPhp('>= 8.0.0')]
+	public function testBug14596(): void
+	{
+		$this->checkThisOnly = false;
+		$this->checkNullables = true;
+		$this->checkUnionTypes = true;
+		$this->analyse([__DIR__ . '/data/bug-14596.php'], [
+			[
+				'Named argument cannot be followed by a positional argument.',
+				11,
+			],
+		]);
+	}
+
 }

tests/PHPStan/Rules/Methods/CallStaticMethodsRuleTest.php

@@ -1021,4 +1021,16 @@ public function testBug11894(): void
 		$this->analyse([__DIR__ . '/data/bug-11894.php'], []);
 	}
 
+	#[RequiresPhp('>= 8.0.0')]
+	public function testBug14596(): void
+	{
+		$this->checkThisOnly = false;
+		$this->analyse([__DIR__ . '/data/bug-14596.php'], [
+			[
+				'Named argument cannot be followed by a positional argument.',
+				12,
+			],
+		]);
+	}
+
 }

tests/PHPStan/Rules/Methods/data/bug-14596.php

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace Bug14596Methods;
+
+class Foo {
+	public function bar(int $a, int $b, int $c, string ...$rest): void {}
+	public static function baz(int $a, int $b, int $c, string ...$rest): void {}
+}
+
+function (Foo $obj): void {
+	$obj->bar(1, 2, 3, d: 'foo', 5);
+	Foo::baz(1, 2, 3, d: 'foo', 5);
+};